Notebook 10
Histograma de letras, 1d array, strings

Você pode encontrar na internet várias versões do A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, de James Clark Maxwell. Na caixa de texto que segue está um pequeno trecho (não formatado) do início da parte I do capítulo I extraído de um desses sites (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Treatise_on_Electricity_and_Magnetism/Part_I/Chapter_I):

Electrification by Friction.
27.] Experiment I[1]. Let a piece of glass and a piece of resin, neither of which exhibits any electrical properties, be rubbed together and left with the rubbed surfaces in contact. They will still exhibit no electrical properties. Let them be separated. They will now attract each other.
If a second piece of glass be rubbed with a second piece of resin, and if the pieces be then separated and suspended in the neighbourhood of the former pieces of glass and resin, it may be observed—
That the two pieces of glass repel each other.
That each piece of glass attracts each piece of resin.
That the two pieces of resin repel each other.
These phenomena of attraction and repulsion are called Electrical phenomena, and the bodies which exhibit them are said to be electrified, or to be charged with electricity
Bodies may be electrified in many other ways, as well as by friction.
The electrical properties of the two pieces of glass are similar to each other but opposite to those of the two pieces of resin, the glass attracts what the resin repels and repels what the resin attracts.
If a body electrified in any manner whatever behaves as the glass does, that is, if it repels the glass and attracts the resin, the body is said to be vitreously electrified, and if it attracts the glass and repels the resin it is said to be resinously electrified. All electrified bodies are found to be either vitreously or resinously electrified.
It is the established practice of men of science to call the vitreous electrification positive, and the resinous electrification negative. The exactly opposite properties of the two kinds of electrification justify us in indicating them by opposite signs, but the application of the positive sign to one rather than to the other kind must be considered as a matter of arbitrary convention, just as it is a matter of convention in mathematical diagrams to reckon positive distances towards the right hand.
No force, either of attraction or of repulsion, can be observed between an electrified body and a body not electrified. When, in any case, bodies not previously electrified are observed to be acted on by an electrified body, it is because they have become electrified by induction.

Console: "a": 131 "e": 278 "i": 170 "o": 124 "u": 24

Exercícios

Altere o script de modo que contabilize a frequência de todas as letras do alfabeto, sem distinção de maiúsculas ou minúsculas.

Console: "a": 131 "b": 49 "c": 88 "d": 66 "e": 278 ... "u": 24 "v": 16 "x": 5 "y": 29 "w": 21

Altere o script de modo que contabilize a frequência de espaços em branco (" "), pontos ("."), vírgulas (",") e outros separadores ("[", "]", "—" etc.).

Console: " ": 371 ".": 18 ",": 20 "[": 1 "]": 2 "—": 1

Quantos caracteres não são letras do alfabeto ("a",...,"z") nem espaços (" "), sinais de pontuação ( ".", ",") ou outros separadores ("[", "]", "—" etc.)? O que são eles?

Console: total: 2253 letras e etc.: 2238 diferença: 15

Altere o script de modo que contabilize quantas letras maiúsculas estão presentes no texto.

Console: maiúsculas: 22

Altere o texto para um texto em português (ou outra língua que use extensivamente acentos) e proponha um jeito de contabilizá-los adequadamente.